Part of the Model 37's appeal was the shotgun's unique feature of loading and ejecting through the port at the bottom of the receiver, making it an ambidextrous firearm. If that was not enough, this dependable shotgun was adopted by many police departments in the US and abroad. Like the Winchester Model 97 and 12 and the Remington 31, the Ithaca saw military service from WWII through Vietnam. On the other, this shotgun has been a warrior. On one hand, it has been a nimble and lightweight sporting arm carried by thousands of sportsmen. The Ithaca Model 37 pumpgun is something of a paradox. The Sterlingworth was and still is known as a sturdy, dependable (and I think lovely) companion in the field and should be considered one of the best shotguns ever made. Most of these guns featured color case-hardened receivers, and this is usually the first place to show wear. All classic American-made doubles were made this way.
However, it was just not considered quite as elegant as other more complicated and expensive methods, as it usually resulted in a wider measurement across the breech. This is a durable and completely satisfactory way to make a double-barreled shotgun. In the "lump through" method, a separate piece of machined steel is fitted and braised onto the barrels. On a double-barreled shotgun, the "lump" is the projection extending downward from the breech end of the barrels. Like most American-made doubles of the day, the Fox Sterlingworth featured a box lock action and the "lump-through" method of connecting the barrels. Val Browning perfected his father's design, and a few years later, the Superposed was equipped with a single selective trigger.īy 1910, Fox was producing a gun he called the Sterlingworth, an entry-level Fox still considered to be one of the best shotguns and the grade most hunters chose.
That was a lot of money back then, but a working man could afford one if he scrimped a little. This elegant but moderately priced shotgun hit the market in 1931 with a retail price of $107.50. The elder Browning decided to superimpose the barrels one on top of the other instead of the traditional side by side, and this configuration became known as "superposed." John Browning died while working on his revolutionary concept for a double barrel shotgun in 1926. Browning, finished the work on his father's last firearm. By 1949, the Model 31 was off the market as gun makers sought out a faster and less expensive system. In the end, the wonderful, clock-like workings of the Model 31 may have been its downfall. Both men had learned from John Moses Browning.įrom the start, the Model 31 pump gun was known for a slick action achieved by hand-fit parts. Remington aimed at pushing Winchester out of the pump shotgun market, and the company called upon a couple of in-house gun designers, C.C. The Model 31 appeared in August of that year and retailed for $48.50 (Roughly $750 in today's market). The reason for this was the intricate hand fitting of parts that contributed to the smooth action of this pump gun. Even as support for women’s autonomy has grown globally, with respect to abortion liberalization, persistent, powerful frames compete at the global level, preventing robust policy diffusion.Remington trotted out an elegant firearm in 1931 that many would consider one of the best pump shotguns in history: the Remington Model 31.
Somewhat different patterns emerge around the likelihood of adopting an additional policy, controlling for first policy adoption. Women’s leadership roles have a stronger and more consistent liberalizing effect than do countries’ links to a global women’s rights discourse. After identifying three dominant frames (a women’s rights frame, a medical frame, and a religious, natural family frame), the authors find that indicators of a scientific, medical frame show consistent association with liberalization of policies specifying acceptable grounds for abortion. The authors conduct an event history analysis of the spread (however limited) of abortion liberalization policies from 1960 to 2009. Controversy sets abortion apart from other issues studied by world society theorists, who consider the tendency for policies institutionalized at the global level to diffuse across very different countries.
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